Politische Gliederung

Die Verwaltung der Republik Philippinen ist unterteilt in zwölf Regionen (zuzüglich Metro Manila als National Capital Region), die sich aus insgesamt 76 Provinzen zusammensetzen. Jede Provinz besteht aus einer Provinzhauptstadt Provincial Capital, und mehreren Gemeindebezirken, Municipalities die sich wiederum aus kleineren und größeren Dorfgemeinschaften, Barangays zusammensetzen. Ein Barangay mit dem gewählten BarangayCaptain als Vorsteher, ist die kleinste sozio politische Verwaltungseinheit der Philippinen. Insgesamt gibt es über 41 .000 davon im ganzen Land. Der Begriff Barangay stammt aus der Besiedlungszeit des Archipels von 500 v. Chn bis 1500 n. Chn Danals war ein Barangay (Balanghai) ein großes, seetüchtiges Auslegerboot, das bis zu 90 Personen befördern konnte und mit denen Malaien ins Land kamen, um sich auf den Inseln niederzulac. sen. Die Besatzungen dieser Fahrzeuge setzten sich vermutlich aus sozijlen Verbänden wie Dorfgemeinschaften oder Großfamilien zusammen.

Bezeichnung International:

1. Danish: Filippinerne
2. Dutch: Filipijnen, Republiek Filipijnen (formal)
3. English: Republic of the Philippines (formal)
4. Finnish: Filippiinit
5. French: Philippines fp
6. German: Philippinen fp
7. Icelandic: Filippseyjar
8. Italian: Filippine fp
9. Norwegian: Filippinene, Republikken Filippinene (formal) (Bokmål), Filippinane, Republikken Filippinane (formal) (Nynorsk)
10. Pilipino: Republika ng Pilipinas (formal)
11. Portuguese: Filipinas, República f das Filipinas fp (formal)
12. Spanish: Filipinas, República f de Filipinas (formal)
13. Swedish: Filippinerna
14. Turkish: Filipinler, Filipinler Cumhuriyeti (formal)

1. Abra: /Luzon
2. Agusan del Norte: /Mindanao
3. Agusan del Sur: /Mindanao
4. Aklan: /Panay, Borocay
5. Albay: /Luzon, Batan, Cagraray, Rapu Rapu, San Miguel
6. Antique: /Panay, Semirara Islands (Semirara, Sibay, Caluya), Batbatan, Maniquin, Seco
7. Apayao: /Luzon
8. Aurora: /Luzon
9. Basilan: Basilan, Pilas Group, Tapiantana Group
10. Bataan: /Luzon, Corregidor
11. Batanes: Batan, Itbayat, Sabtang, Y’ami (northernmost point in Philippines)
12. Batangas: /Luzon, Maricaban, Verde
13. Benguet: /Luzon
14. Biliran: Biliran, Maripipi
15. Bohol: Bohol, Panglao, Lapinin, Mahanay
16. Bukidnon: /Mindanao
17. Bulacan: /Luzon
18. Cagayan: /Luzon, Babuyan Islands (Camiguin, Calayan, Babuyan, Fuga, Dalupiri), Palaui
19. Camarines Norte: /Luzon, Calagua Islands (Tinaga, Maculabo, Guintinua)
20. Camarines Sur: /Luzon, Quinasalag, Lahuy, Butauanan
21. Camiguin: Camiguin
22. Capiz: /Panay, Olutayan
23. Catanduanes: Catanduanes, Panay, Palumbanes, Parongpong, Calbagio
24. Cavite: /Luzon
25. Cebu: Cebu, Camotes Islands (Pacijan, Poro, Ponson), Bantayan, Mactan, Guintacan, Olango
26. Davao: /Mindanao, Samal, Talicud
27. Davao del Sur: /Mindanao, Sarangani Islands (Balut, Sarangani)
28. Davao Oriental: /Mindanao
29. Eastern Samar: /Samar, Homonhon, Hilaban, Manicani, Calicoan, Suluan
30. Guimaras: Guimaras, Inampulugan
31. Ifugao: /Luzon
32. Ilocos Norte: /Luzon
33. Ilocos Sur: /Luzon
34. Iloilo: /Panay, Calagnaan, Tagubanhan, Sicogon, Pan de Azucar, Gigante Islands
35. Isabela: /Luzon
36. Kalinga: /Luzon
37. La Union: /Luzon
38. Laguna: /Luzon, Talim Island in Laguna de Bay (lake)
39. Lanao del Norte: /Mindanao
40. Lanao del Sur: /Mindanao
41. Leyte: /Leyte
42. Maguindanao: /Mindanao
43. Marinduque: Marinduque, Mompog, Tres Reyes Islands
44. Masbate: Masbate, Burias, Ticao, Naro, Jintotolo, Deagan
45. Metropolitan Manila: /Luzon
46. Mindoro Occidental: /Mindoro, Lubang Islands (Lubang, Ambil, Cabra, Golo), Ilin, Ambulong
47. Mindoro Oriental: /Mindoro
48. Misamis Occidental: /Mindanao
49. Misamis Oriental: /Mindanao
50. Mountain: /Luzon
51. Negros Occidental: /Negros, Molocaboc
52. Negros Oriental: /Negros
53. North Cotabato: /Mindanao
54. Northern Samar: /Samar, Balicuatro Islands, Batag, Laoang, Capul, Dalupiri, Destacado, Cabaun
55. Nueva Ecija: /Luzon
56. Nueva Vizcaya: /Luzon
57. Palawan: Palawan, Calamian Group (Busuanga, Culion, Coron, Calauit), Dumaran, Balabac, Linapacan, Bugsuk, Pandanan, Maytiguid, Batas, Boayan, Cuyo Islands (Cuyo, Agutaya, Canipo), Cagayan Islands (Cagayan, Calusa), Quiniluban Islands, San Miguel Islands, and the Philippines’ claim to the Spratly Islands
58. Pampanga: /Luzon
59. Pangasinan: /Luzon, Cabarruyan, Santiago
60. Quezon: /Luzon, Polillo Islands (Polillo, Patnanongan, Jomalig), Alabat, Cabalete, Pagbilao Grande
61. Quirino: /Luzon
62. Rizal: /Luzon
63. Romblon: Tablas, Sibuyan, Romblon, Carabao, Banton, Maestre de Campo, Simara
64. Samar: /Samar, Daram, Buad, Santo Niño, Almagro, Tagapula, Camandag, Libucan
65. Sarangani: /Mindanao
66. Siquijor: Siquijor
67. Sorsogon: /Luzon
68. South Cotabato: /Mindanao
69. Southern Leyte: /Leyte, Panaon, Limasawa
70. Sultan Kudarat: /Mindanao
71. Sulu: Jolo Group (Jolo, Pata, Capual), Tapul Group (Siasi, Lugus, Tapul, Lapac), Pangutaran Group (Pangutaran, Kulassein, North Ubian), Samales Group (Tungkil, Balanguingui), Laparan
72. Surigao del Norte: /Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao, Bucas Grande, Nonoc, East Bucas, Hibuson, Poneas, Hikdop, Zaragosa, Sumilon, Basul, San Jose, Nasapilid
73. Surigao del Sur: /Mindanao, General
74. Tarlac: /Luzon
75. Tawitawi: Tawi Tawi, Sibutu Group (southernmost point in Philippines), Tandubatu, Sanga Sanga
76. Zambales: /Luzon, Salvador
77. Zamboanga del Norte: /Mindanao
78. Zamboanga del Sur: /Mindanao, Olutanga, Sacol, Great Santa Cruz, Malanipa, Lanhil, Sibago

Herkunft der Namen:

1. Agusan: Malay agasan: where the water flows, originally a river name
2. Albay: from former name of its capital, Albaybay, which means “by the bay”
3. Antique: from hantic-hantic, native name of a species of ant
4. Aurora: named for Doña Maria Aurora Quezon, wife of President Manuel Quezon
5. Basilan: = iron trail
6. Bohol: named after Bool, a village on the island
7. Bukidnon: natives were called bukidnon: mountain people
8. Bulacan: native word bulaklakan, freely translated “many flowers,” or from Tagalog bulak: cotton
9. Cagayan: Ilocano carayan: big river, or catagayan: where the tagay trees grow
10. Camarines: Spanish adaptation of a native place name Kamalig: granaries
11. Camiguin: from kamagong, a tree in the ebony family
12. Capiz: from kapid: twins, named by Spanish conquistadores when the local chief’s wife had twins
13. Caraga: Calagan, from Bisayan calag: soul, people + an: land
14. Catanduanes: from catanduan: where the tando trees grow
15. Cavite: Tagalog kawit: hook, after the shape of the city’s peninsula
16. Cotabato: Maguindanao kota wato: stone fort
17. Davao: from Daba-o Daba-o: justice to the Bagobos, an epithet of ancient chieftain Datu Duli
18. Ifugao: from pugo: hills
19. Iloilo: from ilong-ilong: nose-shaped, referring to promontory between two rivers
20. Isabela: named for Queen Isabela II of Spain
21. Kalinga: Ibanag kalinga: headhunters
22. Laguna: province contains part of Laguna de Bay (Spanish laguna: lake; Bay is a city name)
23. La Union: = the union; province was formed by the union of towns from Ilocos Sur and Pangasinan
24. Lanao: from ranao: lake, because of Lake Lanao
25. Maguindanao: means “people of the flooded plains” (danao: flood)
26. Manila: contraction of Maynilad, place of the nilad plant
27. Masbate: supposedly, an explorer asked a local woman what the place was called. She thought he asked what she was doing, and replied, “Masa bati”: mix and beat more
28. Mindanao: native name for “that which has been flooded”
29. Mindoro: Spanish mina de oro: gold mine
30. Misamis: from kuyamis, a variety of coconut found there
31. Mountain: Spanish la montañosa: the mountainous [province]
32. Negros: Spanish negros: blacks, referring to Negrito natives
33. Nueva Ecija: = New Ecija, named by Governor Cruzar after Ecija, Spain, where he was born
34. Nueva Vizcaya: = New Biscay, named by Governor Luis Lardizabal after his home province in Spain
35. Palawan: Chinese pa-lao-yu: “land of beautiful harbors”
36. Pampanga: from pangpang: river banks; explorers found natives mostly living by rivers
37. Panay: Spanish pan: bread + hay: there is (”there is bread”)
38. Pangasinan: = the place where salt is made
39. Quezon: named for Manuel Quezon (1878-1944), President of the Philippine Commonwealth
40. Quirino: named for President Elpidio Quirino (1890-1956)
41. Rizal: named for independence hero Dr. José P. Rizal (1861-1896)
42. Shariff Kabunsuan: named for 16th-century Muslim missionary Shariff Mohammed Kabunsuan (an ancestor of Sultan Kudarat)
43. Siquijor: supposedly, an explorer asked a native for the name of the island. He replied quipjod: the tide is ebbing.
44. Sorsogon: supposedly, an explorer asked a native where they were. He directed them to proceed upstream, saying the Bicol word solsogon: “follow the river upstream.”
45. Sultan Kudarat: named after Sultan Mohammed Dipatuan Kudarat, 17th-century ruler of Mindanao and Sulu
46. Sulu: from sug: water current (inhabitants were good navigators)
47. Surigao: said to be named for an inhabitant named Saliagao
48. Tawitawi: from Malay jaui-jaui: far away, referring to the trip from the Asian mainland
49. Zambales: from Malay sambali: worshippers, samba: to worship; natives worshipped a spirit called Anitos
50. Zamboanga: Malay jambangan: place of flowers
51. Zamboanga-Sibugay: for the Sibuguey River

Aenderungen in der Geschichte:

1. 1901-06-11: Morong district (capital Tanay) merged with part of Manila province to form Rizal province.
2. 1902: Mindoro province merged with Marinduque; Amburayan province split from La Union; Mindoro province, including Lubang Island, merged with Marinduque province; later, Marinduque province merged with Tayabas.
3. 1903: Moro province formed, consisting of the districts of Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Sulu, and Zamboanga. Its capital was Zamboanga.
4. 1905: Name of Paragua province changed to Palawan, and capital moved from Cuyo to Puerto Princesa; Masbate province merged with Sorsogon.
5. 1907: Romblon province merged with Capiz; split from it again in 1917.
6. 1907-08-20: Agusan province split from Surigao.
7. 1908: Abra province merged with Ilocos Sur; split from it again on 1917-03-09.
8. 1908-08-13: Mountain province formed by merging Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Lepanto province, which became its sub-provinces.
9. 1909: Batanes province split from Cagayan.
10. 1912: Capital of Nueva Ecija moved from San Isidro to Cabanatuan.
11. ~1914: Capital of Bulacan moved from Bulacan to Malolos.
12. 1916-08-29: Name and status of Moro province changed to Mindanao and Sulu department. Status of its districts (Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Misamis, Sulu, and Zamboanga) changed to provinces.
13. 1917-03-10: Ambos Camarines province divided into Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur provinces. (Spanish ambos: both. They had also been divided at various times in the 19th century, most recently 1857-1893.)
14. 1920-02-21: Marinduque province split from Tayabas.
15. 1920-12-15: Masbate province split from Sorsogon.
16. 1921-02-20: Mindoro province split from Marinduque.
17. 1925: Name of capital of Albay province changed from Albay to Legaspi (sometimes spelled Legazpi).
18. 1929-11-02: Misamis province divided into Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental provinces (implemented 1939-11-28).
19. 1945-09-26: Catanduanes province split from Albay.
20. 1946: Romblon province merged with Capiz; split from it again on 1947-01-01.
21. 1946-09-07: Name of Tayabas province changed to Quezon.
22. 1948: Capital of country moved from Manila to Quezon City.
23. ~1950: Name of capital of Capiz changed from Capiz to Roxas, in honor of President Manuel Roxas.
24. 1950-06-13: Mindoro province (capital Calapan) split into Mindoro Occidental and Mindoro Oriental.
25. 1952-06-06: Zamboanga province (capital Zamboanga) split into Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur.
26. 1954: Capital of Cavite province moved from Cavite to Trece Martires.
27. 1955-06-16: Capital of Camarines Sur province moved provisionally from Naga (formerly Nueva Caceres) to Pili; change made permanent ~1962.
28. 1956: Name of capital of Lanao changed from Dansalan to Marawi.
29. 1956-04-25: Aklan province split from Capiz (implemented 1956-11-08).
30. 1959-05-22: Lanao province (capital Marawi) divided into Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur; Southern Leyte province split from Leyte.
31. 1960-06-19: Surigao province (Surigao) divided into Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur provinces.
32. 1965-06-19: Samar province (capital Catbalogan) divided into Eastern Samar, Northern Samar, and Western Samar.
33. 1966-06-18: South Cotabato province (capital Koronadal) split from Cotabato (capital Cotabato, moved to Pagalungan after the split); Benguet, Ifugao, and Kalinga-Apayao provinces split from Mountain; Camiguin province split from Misamis Oriental.
34. 1967-05-08: Davao province (capital Davao) divided into Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental provinces (implemented 1967-07-01).
35. 1967-06-17: Agusan province divided into Agusan del Norte and Agusan del Sur provinces (implemented 1970-01-01).
36. ~1968: Capital of Nueva Ecija moved from Cabanatuan to Palayan.
37. 1969-06-21: Name of Western Samar province changed to Samar.
38. 1971-09-10: Quirino province split from Nueva Vizcaya.
39. 1972-01-08: Siquijor province split from Negros Oriental, following a referendum.
40. 1972-06-17: Name of Davao del Norte province changed to Davao.
41. 1973-09-11: Tawi-Tawi province split from Sulu.
42. 1973-11-22: Cotabato province divided into Maguindanao, North Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat provinces.
43. 1973-12-27: Status of Basilan (formerly within Zamboanga del Sur province) changed from chartered city to province.
44. 1975-11-08: Metropolitan Manila area split from Rizal province.
45. 1976: Capital of country returned from Quezon City to Manila.
46. 1979-08-13: Aurora province split from Quezon, following a referendum.
47. 1982-06-24: Capital of Lanao del Norte moved from Iligan to Tubod.
48. 1983-12-19: Name of North Cotabato province changed to Cotabato.
49. 1986-01-03: Negros del Norte province (capital Cadiz) split from Negros Occidental, following a referendum. This action was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Negros Occidental reverted to its original status on 1986-08-18.
50. 1992-03-16: Sarangani province split from South Cotabato.
51. 1992-05-11: Biliran province split from Leyte, following a referendum; Guimaras province split from Iloilo, following a referendum.
52. 1995-02-14: Kalinga-Apayao province split into Kalinga and Apayao provinces.
53. ~1997: Capital of Tawi-Tawi province moved from Balimbing to Bongao. [This is a perplexing case. All of my printed sources agree that the capital of Tawi-Tawi is Balimbing or Bato-Bato, which is another name for the same place. Internet sources are nearly unanimous in naming Bongao as the capital. One of them explicitly states that Bongao was capital from the beginning.]
54. 1998-03-07: Compostela Valley province split from Davao province. It consists of the municipalities of Nabunturan, Compostela, Laak (San Vicente), Mabini (Dona Alicia), Maco, Maragusan (San Mariano), Mawab, Monkayo, Montevista, New Bataan, and Pantukan. Name of Davao province changed back to Davao del Norte.
55. 2001-02-23: Zamboanga-Sibugay province split from Zamboanga del Sur by a plebiscite. The new province is sometimes spelled Sibuguey, or other variants. Sibuguey was apparently the name of the whole area during the period of Muslim rule. Zamboanga-Sibugay consists of sixteen of the 44 municipalities of Zamboanga del Sur: Alicia, Buug, Diplahan, Imelda, Ipil, Kabasalan, Mabuhay, Malangas, Naga, Olutanga, Payao, Roseller T. Lim, Siay, Talusan, Titay, and Tungawan. Its capital is Ipil. According to the 2000 census figures, the population of old Zamboanga del Sur province includes 497,239 people in the municipalities which went to form Zamboanga-Sibugay; 1,437,941 people in the 28 municipalities which remained in Zamboanga del Sur province; and 70 people living in disputed areas, so that it wasn’t definitely known which municipality they lived in. (In the main table, I arbitrarily divided these 70 people up in proportion to the known populations, coming to 18 in Zamboanga-Sibugay and 52 in Zamboanga del Sur.)
56. 2006-10-30: Shariff Kabunsuan province split from Maguindanao (former HASC code PH.MG) by a referendum conducted on October 28 and 29. The new province consists of 10 of the 29 municipalities of Maguindanao: Barira, Buldon, Datu Blah Sinsuat, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Kabuntalan, Matanog, Parang, Sultan Kudarat, Sultan Mastura, and Upi. Based on the 2000 population of those municipalities, the population of Shariff Kabunsuan would be 529,697. I have guessed that the new province’s PSGC code will be 1584, because the first two digits indicate the region (ARMM = 15) and the last two digits have been assigned sequentially for the last few new provinces.